Air nozzle for flat spraying appliances



March 28, 1939. E. GusTAFssoN ET-AL 2,152,046

AIR NOZZLE FOR FLAT SPRAYING PPLIANCS Filed April 4,v 1958 4 Sheets-Sheei'l 1 A @OM 55%,@

. ATTORNEY,

March 28, 1939.v I 4 E. GusTAFssoN ET'AL 2,152,046

AIR NOZZLE FOR FLAT SPRAYING APPLIANCES "Filed April 4, 19:58 4 sheets-smet 2 l y MATTORNEY.

MalCh 28, 1939- E. GUsTAFssoN ET AL 2,152,046.

AIR N OZZLE FOR FLAT SPRAYING APPLIANCES y Filed AprilA, 1938 4 sheets-smet 5 r4. 3 4f Q 1 @j 1 Z351 win wv@ r l' Z IZ AITORNEY.

March 28, 1939. E. GusTAFssoN ET AL 2,152,046

AIR NOZZLE FOR FLAT SPRAYING APPLIANCES Filed April 4, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORS,

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Patented Mar. 28, 1939` UNITED STATIsI PATENr OFFICE AIR NOZZLE FOR APP FLAT SPRAYING LIANCES Eric Gustafsson and Harold L. Striegel, Chicago, lll., assignors to Blnks Manufacturing Company, Chicago, Ill.. a corporation of Delaware Application April 4, 1938, Serial No. 199,749

11 Claims.- (Cl. Zim-$140.1)

As disclosed lin the U. s. Patent-No: 2,049,700,

- issued August 4, 1936, to Eric Gustafsson, for

Air nozzle for-flat spraying appliances, besides the fan-shaped spray and against the edges of 20, the flattened spray at the shoulders thereof.

Large users of spray guns of'this kind require thatthespraying time be reduced as much as possible for spray coating of a given surface area, particularly when spraying quantity production 25. articles, such. as automobile bodies, railway car bodies, refrigerator cabinets, etc. This usually involves an increased rate of spraying and a handling of a greater quantity of coating material per unit of time with usually a greater consump- 30 tion of compressed air. Varying the capacity of the gun, accordingly, has a tendency to distort the uniformity and well dened contour of the pattern. It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide afno'vel nozzle for a spraying 35 appliance which will spray the material with a lowrange of pressures, both for the material itself and for. the' flattening medium, usually air under pressure, and with a wider fan-shaped iiat spray whereby a wider coating for a given unit of time 40 will result, while at the same time still maintaining the desired uniformity of the spray pattern on the surface beingcoated. Accordingly, the device of the present invention comprises the use of auxiliary iluidiair) jet means which will 45 act to project air jets forwardly and convergently has, been found by experimentation that when the angular relation is at about 45 the more desirable result is obtained. However, this angu- 55 lar relation may be varied from zero degrees, that is, parallel to the-plane of the flattened spray, to about 55, or expressed with reference to the plane of the flattening jets and the central axis of thev material stream, from 35 to 90?. Beyond this y angle, the effect is' not as satisfactory as would be desired.

The auxiliary air jets are projected forwardly along convergent axes at, preferably, an angle of from 50 to 60. to the central axis ofthe material stream, and the locations of the jet'oriflces or ports; are such as to direct the auxiliary air jets to join with or impact the material stream either rearwardly or forwardly of the 'points or loci of joining or impacting of the side air jets for flattening the stream, it being preferred, however, t`o have the impact of the auxiliary jets take effect rearwardly ofthe points or loci of impact of the flattening jets, in which case the auxiliary jets give the material stream a preliminary flattening effect, while the main air jets complete the flattening effect to the desired uniform pattern. The main air jets also act to counteract any twisting effect which the auxiliary air jets `would tend to produce because of .the tangential 'or secantal relation of the auxiliary jets to the material stream. The points o'r loci of emission of the auxiliary jets may be radially inwardly or radially outwardly of the points or loci of emission of the main or flattening jets, and also such points of emission of the auxiliary jets may be rearwardly or forwardly of the points of emission of the flattening jets. The resultant of the flattening and twisting effects is auniform and symmetrical pattern.. with the advantage of a greatly increased width of the attened spray, a. much improved atomization of the material, a more uniform distribution of the particles whereby there is the same intensity throughout the pattern, and a clear and well dened border or edge contour o the pattern. y

The invention also comprehends means for separately or independently controlling theair to the auxiliary air jet means, as desired, but is not limited thereto.

Other objects, advantages,capabilities, fea.- A

' the invention;

Fig. 2 vis a longitudinal section of the nozzle end of the spraying device and taken in"a plane represented by line 2 2 of Fig. 1 of the drawings;

Fig. 3 is a similar sectional Aview taken in a. plane represented by line 3--3 of Fig. 1 of the drawings;

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken in a. plane represented by line 4-4 in Fig. 2 of the drawings; i

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of an alternative form showing the separate control for the air to the auxiliary air jet means;

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional View of the structure shown in Fig. 5 and taken in a plane represented by line 6-6 of Fig. 5 of the drawings:

Fig. 7 is a front elevational view of another form of spray nozzle constructed in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional View taken in planes represented by lines 9-9-9-8 of Fig. 7 of the drawings;

Fig. 9 is a similar view taken in planes represented by line 9--9 of Fig. 7 of the drawings;

Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view taken in a plane represented by line IIl--Ill of Fig. 8 of the drawings;

Fig. 11is a perspective forward end view of thel nozzle showing the paths of the material and. air streams and of the main and auxiliary air jets.

Fig. 12 is a. front elevational view of a further form of spraying device constructed in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the same and taken in a plane represented by line I3-I3 of Fig. 12 of the drawings;

Fig. 14 is a .similar view taken in planes represented by line I4-I4 in Fig. 12 of the drawings;

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the forward portion of the nozzle showing the paths of the material and Iair streams and of the main and auxiliary air jets;

Fig. 16 is a front elevational view of a still further form of the device constructed ln accordance with the invention.

Fig. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof and taken in a plane represented by line I'I--I'I of Fig. 16 of the drawings;

Fig. 18 is a similar view taken in planes represented by line I8I8 in Fig. 16 of the drawings; and

Fig. 19 is a. perspective view of the forward portion of the same showing the paths of the material and air streams and of the main and auxiliary air jets.

Referring in more detail to the drawings, the embodiments chosen to illustrate the invention are shown as comprising a spray gun body I having a. central bore 2 for the passage of the coating material, such as paint or the like, to the forward end of which is secured a material nozzle 3 having a material tip 4 which is preferably of cylindrical form, the orifice or port of this tip being controlled by a needle valve 5. The body I also has an air passage 6 leading to an air chamber 'I located rearwardly of the front end wall 8 in which is provided an air port 9 controlled by an `air valve I 0. To the forward end of the body is connected a coupling ring II for holding an air nozzle I2 seated upon the forward tapered end portion of the material nozzle 3, and for holding a spacer or baiile ring I3 between the front wall 8 and the rear end of the air nozzle I2, the ring I3 having a baffling flange I4 extending in an annular air chamber I5, and being spaced around the body of the material nozzle 3 to provide an annular air chamber I6 communicating with the air chamber 1 by an annular passage I'I.

The air nozzle I2' is provided with air passages I 8 leading from the chamber I5 and com'- municating with forwardly directed convergent main air jet ports or orifices I9 in the horns 20. 'Ihe air nozzle I2 also has a series of air passages 2| leading from the chamber I6 to an annular air chamber 22 which communicates with a conical air chamber 23 terminating in an annular air orifice 24around the material tip 4 and Which 4orifice is provided in the front wall 25 of the air nozzle I2.

The invention comprehends the provision in the front wall 25 of the air nozzle of forwardly converging auxiliary air jet ports or orifices 26 leading from the air chamber 22, these ports opening into the inclined faces 2l (see Figs. l and 3) made by milling, with an end milling tool, recesses 28 in the front wall 25 of the air nozzle and axially of the ports 26 at an angle of about 50 with the central axis 29 of the device, that is, of the tip 4, the axes of the ports 26 being designated by the reference character 30 in Fig. 1 of the drawings. The axes 30 are disposed in planes which are spaced from each other and which are parallel to and spaced from the central axis 29 of the device, so that the' air jets projected from the orifices or ports 26 will unite with or impact the material stream tangentially or substantially so, the planes of the axes 30 being substantially in alinement with diametrically opposite portions of the annular air orifice 2'4 (see Fig. l).

In operation the material stream 3l (see Fig. 3) issues from the tip 4 in a slightly divergent, more or less solid, round stream, with an annular stream 32 of air around it and issuing from the 'annular air orifice 24, the liquid or material stream becoming partly aerated by the surrounding stream 32. Air jets 33 are projected from the ports 26 along the axes 30 and unite with or im pact the material and air stream 3I-32 to give it a preliminary flattening with a tendency to give it a twist around the axis 29 of the material stream. At the same time air jets 34 are di rected from the orifices I9 along the axes 35 to unite with or impact the material and air streams 3I-32 at the spots or loci 36 to effect a flattening of the spray and to counteract the twisting tendency of 'the jets 33, with the result of obtaining a wide fan-shaped, fiat spray in a plane at substantially right angles to the plane of the axes 35 of the main airjets 34.

Operating spray guns of this type at the increased capacity mentioned above and without the auxiliary jets described, there would be a distortion of the spray pattern so that the sides of the pattern instead of being straight and parallel would be bowed and frayed. By the use of the auxiliary jets of this invention. the pattern is maintained uniform and with the sides straight and clearly defined in outline, and a low range of pressures may be used while at the same time obtaining a. much wider spray to cover more space per unit of time.

It will be noted in the form of device shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, the auxiliary jets 33 are projected to unite with or impact the material and air streams at loci rearwardly of the loci of uniting or impacting of the main air jets 34 with the material and air streams 3I-32.

the spacer ring I3 has an annular air chamber 31 communicating with a second air port 38 provided in the front wall 8, which port is controlled by a second air valve 33 in the air chamber 6 ofthe body I. 'I'he ring I3 has air passages 40 leading from the chamber 31 and communicating with air passages 4I provided in the air nozzle I2,independently of the air passagesZI, communicating with the auxiliary air jet ;oriiices or ports 26. Inthis way the air to the auxiliary jet orifices may be separately and independently controlled for the' effects desired to be produced.

In the form of' device shown in Figs. '7 to 11, inclusive, the structure is identical with that shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, except that the auxiliary jet orifices 26 open into an annular bevelled surface 42 at opposite loci of such annular surface, this surface 'being made by machining, as in a lathe, a V-shaped annular groove or the like in the front wall' of the air nozzle I2. The

operation of the device is otherwise the same as l described in connection with the structure shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive. 'l'.'he air to the auxiliary jet orifices may also be separately and independently controlled in this device, as shown in Figs. 5 andG. The 'section shown in Fig. 8 is so taken along lines 8 8 and 9 8 as to more clearly show the paths of the material 'and air streams 3I-32, and of the auxiliaryand main air jets v33 and 34, especially to show the passing of the Vauxiliary airjets 33 rearwardly of the main air ing parts) with the exception that the auxiliary air jets are projected from auxiliary horns and the passages to the auxiliary air jet orifices .r ports lead from the air chamber I5 rather than 'from the air chamber 22 (compare Figs. 14 and 3), and the auxiliary air jet orifices open out into the inclined'surfaces of the auxiliary horns instead of inclined surfaces formed in the front sages 43 (see Fig. 14)l providedin auxiliary horns .44, to auxiliary air jet-orifices or'ports .4'.5.v arranged on forwardly converging .axes 46 whichv are disposed in spaced parallel planes which are spacedI from and parallel to the central axis 2'9 of the device, that is, of the material nozzle tip 4. The orifices 45 open out in the inclined surfaces 41 of the auxiliary horns at loci further.'forward* .V

L. of said flattening jets with said stream.

and radially more remote thantheioutlets ofthe orifices 26 in the structures shownrin Figs. 1 to.

in Figs. 1 to 11, inclusive, the auxiliary air .jets

uniting with or impacting the material .and air of the device is the same as deL.

of the uniting or impacting of the attening main or air.jets 34 with such streams, the auxiliary horns 44,- as shown in Figs. 12 to 15, inclusive, being shorter than the main'horns 20.

The kdevice `shown in Figs-'16 to 19, inclusive, is substantially identical with that shown in Figs. 12 to l5, inclusive, except that the auxiliary horns 44 are longer than the'main horns 20 and the outlets of the auxiliary air jet orifices are still further forward and radially more remote so lthat the auxiliary air jets 33 unite. with or impact the material and airstreams 3I--32 ai:v loci in advance or forwardly of the loci of the uniting or impacting of the mainattenlng air jets 34 fromy the mainhorns 20. Thisproduces a fiat, fan-shaped spray of somewhat different contour or outline than in the case where the auxiliary air jets unite or impact rearwardly of .the '1001 of uniting impacting of the flattening main air jets, but Asubstantially the same width of the spray is effected with substantially the same character of pattern as in the case of the other structures mentioned. t

In thedevices shown in Figs.- 12 to 19, inclusive, the planes of the axes of the auxiliary jet orifices are disposed substantially at right angles to the plane of the axes of the flattening jet oriiices, but it is to be understood such angular -relation may be varied within the range mentioned above in connection with the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 1 to 11, inclusive.

While we have herein described and upon the drawings shown a few embodiments illustrating theinvention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto but comprehends other constructions, details, arrangements of "parts, features, and the' like, without departing jecting fluid jets against opposite sides of saidV stream to atten said stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the. axis of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jet means prof vided with orifices for forwardly projecting -converging jets along spaced parallel planes tangential to said streamv and atloci of engagement -with said stream axially spaced from the loci of engagement of said flattening jets with .said

stream.

2. A spraying device having means for pfroiy jecting a stream of material and -means for projecting uid iets against opposite sides of said stream to fiattensaid stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the axis of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jet means provided with orifices for forwardly projecting converging jets along spaced parallel planes tangential to said stream and at loci of engagement with said stream rearwardly ofthe loci of engagement 3. A spraying device having means for projecting a stream of. material and means for projecting fluid jets against opposite sides of said.

and along` a plane including the axis of f said stream, comprising auxiliary uid jet means provided with orifices for forwardly projecting-com.

verging jets along vspaced parallelfplanestangenlstream' to atten said stream into a fan-shape 'lov tial to said stream and at loci of engagement with said stream axially spaced from the loci of `enlrearwardly of the points of emission of said flattening jets from the orifices thereof.

4. A spraying device having means for projecting a stream of material and means for projecting uid jets against opposite sides of said stream to flatten said stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the axis .of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jet means provided withl emission of said flattening jets from the orifices thereof.

5. A spraying device having means for projecting a stream of material and means for projecting fluid jets against opposite sides of said stream to flatten said stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the axis of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jet means provided with orifices for forwardly projecting converging jets along spaced parallel planes tangential to said stream and at loci of engagement with said stream axially spaced from the loci of engagement of said flattening jets with said stream and wherein the points of emission of said auxiliary jets from the orifices thereof are located at a different radial distance from the axis of the stream than the points of emission of said flattening jets from the orifices thereof.

6. A spraying device having means for projecting a stream of material and means for projecting fluid jets against opposite sides of said stream to flatten said stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the axis of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jet means provided with orifices for forwardly projecting con verging jets along spaced parallel planes tangential tosaid stream and at loci of engagement with said stream axially spaced from the loci of engagement of said flattening jets with said stream, said auxiliary oriflces being so located as to have said planes of the axes thereof at an acute angle to the plane of the axes of said flattening jets.

'7. A spraying device having means for projecting a stream of material and means for projecting fluid jets against opposite sides of said stream to flatten said stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the axis of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jetmeans provided with orifices for forwardly projecting converging jets along spaced parallel planes tangential to said stream and at loci of engagement with said streams axially spaced from the loci of engagement of said flattening jets with said stream. said auxiliary orifices being so located as to have said planes of the axes thereof at an angle within the range of from to 90 to the plane of the axes of said flattening jets.V

8. A spraying device having means for projecting a stream of material and means for projecting fluid jets against opposite sides of said stream to flatten said stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the axis of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jet means provided with orifices for forwardly projecting converging jets along spaced parallel planes tangential to said stream and at loci of engagement with said stream rearwardly of the loci of engagement of said flattening jets with said stream; and wherein the points of emission of the auxiliary jets from the orifices thereof are located rearwardly and radially inwardly of the points of emission of said flattening jets from the orifices thereof.

9. A spraying device having means for projecting a stream of material and means for projecting fluid jets against opposite sides of said stream to flatten said stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the axis of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jet means provided with orifices for forwardly projecting converging jets along spaced parallel planes tangential to said stream and at loci of engagement with said stream forwardly of the loci of engagement of said flattening jets with said stream.

10. A spraying device having means for projecting a stream of material and means for projecting fluid jets against opposite sides of said stream to flatten said stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the -axis of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jet means provided with orilces for forwardly projecting converging jets along spaced parallel planes tangential to said 'stream and at loci of engagement with said stream forwardly of the loci of engagement of said attening jets with said stream, and wherein the points of emission of the auxiliary jets from the orifices thereof are located forwardly of the points of emission of said flattening jets from the orifices thereof.

ll. A spraying device having means for projecting a stream of material and means for projecting fluid jets against opposite sides of said stream to flatten said stream into a fan-shape and along a plane including the axis of said stream, comprising auxiliary fluid jet means provided with oriflces for forwardly projecting converging jets along spaced parallel planes tangential to said stream and at loci of engagement with said stream forwardly of the loci of engagement of said flattening jets with said stream, and wherein the points of emission of the auxiliary jets from the orifices thereof are located forwardly and radially outwardly of the points of emission of said flattening jets from the orifices thereof. t

ERIC GUSTAFSSON. HAROLD L. STRIEGEL. 

